Immune checkpoints include stimulatory and inhibitory checkpoint molecules. In recent
years, inhibitory checkpoints, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA …

Advances in Cancer immunotherapy in the past few years include the development of
medications that modulate immune checkpoint proteins. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 …

The outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies against advanced cancer have
greatly exceeded initial expectations since the early clinical studies reported in 2010 [1] and …

Immune checkpoint blockade has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for
various malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Preclinical and clinical …

After years of in-depth research on immune checkpoints, therapeutic reversal of immune-
exhaustion with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) has been shown to be effective in …

Immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoints are fast-developing therapeutic
approaches adopted for several tumor types that trigger unprecedented rates of durable …

Introduction The immune checkpoint molecule programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) was
discovered in 1992 by Professor Tasuku Honjo and his research team at Kyoto University …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the typical inflammation-induced neoplasia. It often
prospers where a chronic liver disease persists, thus leading a strong rationale for immune …

The discovery of the immune checkpoint mechanism has contributed greatly to recent
advances in cancer treatment. The anticytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 antibody …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer with high morbidity and
mortality worldwide. Systemic treatments with several multi-targeted tyrosine kinase …