Immune and inflammatory responses actively modulate the pathophysiological processes of
acute brain injuries such as stroke. Soon after the onset of stroke, signals such as brain …

Inflammatory mechanisms are currently considered as a prime target for stroke therapy.
There is evidence from animal studies that immune signals and mediators can have both …

Thrombolysis heralded a new era of acute intervention for ischemic stroke, accompanied by
an increasing need for comprehensive acute critical care support. There remains the …

The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is a highly regulated interface that separates the peripheral
circulation and the brain. It plays a vital role in regulating the trafficking of solutes, fluid, and …

Following a cerebral ischemic event, substantial alterations in both cellular and molecular
activities occur due to ischemia-induced cerebral pathology. Mounting evidence indicates …

Growing evidences suggest that stroke is a systemic disease affecting many organ systems
beyond the brain. Stroke-related systemic inflammatory response and immune …

It is currently well established that the immune system is activated in response to transient or
focal cerebral ischemia. This acute immune activation occurs in response to damage, and …

Approaches for the effective management of acute stroke are sparse, and many measures
for brain protection fail. However, our ability to modulate the immune system and modify the …

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality. Despite extensive efforts in
stroke research, the only pharmacological treatment currently available is arterial …

Stroke is a disease that occurs due to a sudden interruption of the blood supply to the brain.
It is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It is well-known that the immune …