A large subfamily of the type IV secretion systems (T4SSs), termed the conjugation systems,
transmit mobile genetic elements (MGEs) among many bacterial species. In the initiating …

Conjugation, the process by which plasmid DNA is transferred from one bacterium to
another, is mediated by type IV secretion systems (T4SSs). T4SSs are versatile systems that …

Selective substrate uptake controls initiation of macromolecular secretion by type IV
secretion systems in gram-negative bacteria. Type IV coupling proteins (T4CPs) are …

In preparation for transfer conjugative type IV secretion systems (T4SS) produce a
nucleoprotein adduct containing a relaxase enzyme covalently linked to the 5′ end of …

Type IV secretion system (T4SS) substrates are recruited through a translocation signal that
is poorly defined for conjugative relaxases. The relaxase TrwC of plasmid R388 is …

Relaxases are proteins responsible for the transfer of plasmid and chromosomal DNA from
one bacterium to another during conjugation. They covalently react with a specific …

Plasmid conjugation systems are composed of two components, the DNA transfer and
replication system, or Dtr, and the mating pair formation system, or Mpf. During conjugal …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are bacterial multiprotein organelles specialised in the
transfer of (nucleo) protein complexes across cell membranes. They are essential for …

Type IV secretory systems are transmembrane bacterial multiprotein complexes. They are
pivotal for conjugation, bacterial-induced plant tumour formation, toxin secretion and …

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a remarkable, functionally versatile
superfamily of macromolecular translocators (1). Collectively, these systems translocate a …