The synthesis of nascent RNA is a discontinuous process in which phases of productive
elongation by RNA polymerase are interrupted by frequent pauses. Transcriptional pausing …

The vectorial (5′-to-3′ at varying velocity) synthesis of RNA by cellular RNA polymerases
(RNAPs) creates a rugged kinetic landscape, demarcated by frequent, sometimes long …

Precise spatio–temporal control of gene activity is essential for organismal development,
growth, and survival in a changing environment. Decisive steps in gene regulation involve …

Regulation of transcription is a tightly choreographed process. The establishment of RNA
polymerase II promoter proximal pausing soon after transcription initiation and the release of …

Background For many genes, RNA polymerase II stably pauses before transitioning to
productive elongation. Although polymerase II pausing has been shown to be a mechanism …

Recent years have witnessed a sea change in our understanding of transcription regulation:
whereas traditional models focused solely on the events that brought RNA polymerase II …

Precise regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is critical for organismal
growth and development. However, what determines whether an engaged RNAPII will …

Metazoan gene expression is often regulated after the recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol
II) to promoters, through the controlled release of promoter-proximally paused Pol II into …

Pausing of transcribing RNA polymerase is regulated and creates opportunities to control
gene expression. Research in metazoans has so far mainly focused on RNA polymerase II …

Abstract RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pauses downstream of the transcription initiation site
before beginning productive elongation. This pause is a key component of metazoan gene …