Cardiorespiratory activity is controlled by a network of neurons located within the lower
brainstem. The basic rhythm of breathing is generated by neuronal circuits within the …

The control of breathing depends critically on sensory inputs to the central pattern generator
of the brainstem, arising from peripheral arterial chemoreceptors located principally in the …

The brainstem network for generating and modulating the respiratory motor pattern includes
neurons of the medullary ventrolateral respiratory column (VRC), dorsolateral pons (PRG) …

Lung ventilation fluctuates widely with behavior but arterial PCO 2 remains stable. Under
normal conditions, the chemoreflexes contribute to PaCO 2 stability by producing small …

Our understanding of the role of the brain in respiratory rhythm generation and regulation
began the early nineteenth century. Over the next 150 years the neuronal groups in the …

Central chemoreception is a distributed property involving many sites and neuronal types.
Focal acidosis in conscious or anesthetized animals at many hindbrain sites stimulates …

The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) regulates breathing in a CO2‐and state‐dependent
manner. RTN neurons are glutamatergic and innervate principally the respiratory pattern …

Central chemoreception traditionally refers to a change in ventilation attributable to changes
in CO 2/H+ detected within the brain. Interest in central chemoreception has grown …

In this review we discuss the implications for ventilatory control of newer evidence
suggesting that central and peripheral chemoreceptors are not functionally separate but …

The arterial partial pressure (P CO2) of carbon dioxide is virtually constant because of the
close match between the metabolic production of this gas and its excretion via breathing …