The regulatory phosphorylation sites of MAP kinases. Xenopus and mammalian MAP
kinases become active only when both threonine and tyrosine residues are phosphorylated …

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases comprise a family of ubiquitous proline-directed,
protein-serine/threonine kinases, which participate in signal transduction pathways that …

Publisher Summary The chapter introduces the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase
(MAPK) module. The identification of MAP kinase pathways exemplifies the power of …

The response of cells to extracellular stimuli is mediated in part by a number of intracellular
kinase and phosphatase enzymes. Within this area of research the activation of the p42 and …

Sequential activation of kinases within the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (MAPK)
cascades is a common, and evolutionary-conserved mechanism of signal transduction. Four …

The MAP kinases, discovered approximately 20 years ago, together with their immediate
upstream regulators, are among the most highly studied signal transduction molecules. This …

Summry—Numerous studies have been published these last few years on the involvement
of MAP kinases in signal transduction reflecting their importance in cell cycle and cell growth …

Mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1 pathways regulate an extensive
range of cellular processes including gene transcription, cytoskeletal organization …

The intracellular signalling field is dominated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase
(MAPK) cascade and its control, which involves the small GTPase Ras and sequential …

Background Members of the MAP kinase superfamily play important roles in a wide variety
of signal transduction pathways, and several members have been identified. However, the …