Asthma is defined as reversible airflow obstruction; the mechanism for this airflow
obstruction is considered to be caused by a combination of an inflammatory process leading …

Over the last decade, there has been a steady increase in the use of fixed-dose
combinations of drugs for the treatment of a range of diseases, including hypertension …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic respiratory
symptoms, such as breathlessness and chronic productive cough, limited exercise …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a treatable disease characterized by
progressive airflow limitation. Prevention of disease progression, improvement of symptoms …

Bronchodilators are the mainstay of therapy for patients with established chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) but, at present, the majority of patients use short-acting agents …

Racemic β 2 agonists are composed of a 50: 50 mixture of R and S isomers. The R isomer
exhibits virtually all the bronchodilation, whereas the S isomers are generally considered …

The two inhaled long-acting β 2-adrenoceptor agonists, salmeterol and formoterol, have
been studied extensively since their introduction in the early 1990s. In this review we …

Background There are few data on the bronchodilatory effects of adding short-acting
bronchodilators (SABA) to maintenance, long-acting bronchodilator therapy. This study …

The long-acting inhaled bronchodilators available for use in chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) vary in their pharmacological class (β 2-adrenergic agonist or …