Quaternary anticholinergic bronchodilators offer gradual and sustained bronchodilation to
patients who have asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For asthma, the …

Anticholinergics have been used to treat obstructive respiratory disease for many years from
historical preparations of the deadly nightshade genus, to the more recent developments of …

Bronchodilators, generally administered via metered dose or dry powder inhalers, are the
mainstays of pharmacological treatment of stable COPD. Inhaled long-acting beta-agonists …

Fixed dose combination (FDC) dual bronchodilators that co‐administer a long acting β2‐
adrenoceptor agonist (LABA) and a long acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) are a new …

Many drugs may be potentially useful in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), but relatively few become available for human use due to lack of safety …

Preclinical studies with Ba 679 Br have demonstrated a significantly longer duration of
action than ipratropium bromide. Following inhalation of single doses, no systemic …

After the discovery of formoterol and salmeterol, new candidates for long-acting β2-
adrenoceptor agonists (LABAs) have emerged from various companies. In particular, once …

A volume of published evidence sustains the role of long-acting β2-agonists in the treatment
of stable COPD. 1–5 These agents not only induce prolonged bronchodilation, but also …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by progressive airflow
limitation. In moderate-to-severe COPD, long-acting bronchodilators are the basis of …

Inhaled β 2 adrenoceptor (β 2 AR) agonists are widely used as bronchodilator therapies for
asthma and COPD. Different agonists have varying rates of onset of action, eg indacaterol …