Two decades of clinical experience with immunomodulatory treatments for multiple sclerosis
point to distinct immunological pathways that drive disease relapses and progression. In …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multi‐component disease characterized by inflammation,
neurodegeneration and failure of central nervous system (CNS) repair mechanisms …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease triggered by environmental factors that act
on a genetically susceptible host. It features three clinical stages: a pre-clinical stage …

Recent years have witnessed a remarkable growth in literature related to the biology and
treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The focus of this article is on aspects of the human …

Our incomplete understanding of the causes and pathways involved in the onset and
progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) limits our ability to effectively treat this complex …

Although the cause of multiple sclerosis (MS) has remained obscure, many findings support
an autoimmune pathogenesis on the background of a complex interaction between multiple …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the CNS that is characterized by inflammation,
demyelination and axonal injury. Although the etiology of MS is still unknown, many findings …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurological disease of young
adulthood. Following advances in the understanding of the immunological mechanisms that …

Emerging data point to important contributions of both autoimmune inflammation and
progressive degeneration in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Unfortunately …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) that is characterised pathologically by demyelination, gliosis, neuro-axonal damage …