The analyses of the primary objectives of randomized clinical trials often are not adjusted for
covariates, except possibly for stratification variables. For analyses with linear models …

OBJECTIVE: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with dichotomous outcomes may be
analyzed with or without adjustment for baseline characteristics (covariates). We studied …

OBJECTIVE: Statisticians have criticized the use of significance testing to compare the
distribution of baseline covariates between treatment groups in randomized controlled trials …

In the January issue of this journal, Peter Austin et al.[1] presented a systematic review on
how baseline covariates are handled in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in …

In randomized controlled trials (RCTs), treatment assignment is unconfounded with baseline
covariates, allowing outcomes to be directly compared between treatment arms. When …

Background Adjustment for prognostic covariates can lead to increased power in the
analysis of randomized trials. However, adjusted analyses are not often performed in …

In clinical research, randomized trials are widely accepted as the definitive method of
evaluating the efficacy of therapies. Random assignment of patients to treatment ensures …

Background Regarding the analysis of RCT data there is a debate going on whether an
adjustment for the baseline value of the outcome variable should be made. When an …

In order to avoid selective biases and to minimize random errors, inference about the effects
of treatment on serious endpoints needs to be based not on one, or a few, of the available …

Standard practice teaches that randomized clinical trials should be preferred to
observational studies if the aim is to obtain unbiased estimates of efficacy. It is often …