Experimental studies using human volunteers are limited to low acceleration impacts while
whole cadavers, isolated cervical spine specimens, and impact dummies do not normally …

A multi-body computational model of the human head and neck was previously shown to be
in good agreement with experimental findings from actual human cervical spine specimens …

A complete three-dimensional multi-body dynamic computational model of the human head
and neck has been developed and validated using human volunteer experimental data. The …

The three-dimensional head-neck model of Deng and Goldsmith (J. Biomech., 1987) was
adapted and implemented in the integrated multibody/finite element code MADYMO. The …

Background As the work load has been shifting from heavy manufacturing to office work,
neck disorders are increasing. However, most of the current cervical spine biomechanical …

Both finite element models and multi-body models of human head-neck complex had been
widely used in neck injuries analysis, as the former could be used to generate detailed …

The human neck is vulnerable. In car accidents, inertia farces of the head can load or deform
the tissues of the neck beyond tolerabie limits, resulting in injury. Most neck injuries are …

A three-dimensional analytical model of the cervical spine is described. The cervical
vertebrae and the head are modeled as rigid bodies which are interconnected by …

This paper presents the development and validation of a three-dimensional multi-body
model of the human head and neck for the study of whiplash motion. The model is …

Whiplash associated disorders are among the most common injuries reported for automotive
rear end impacts. Although these injuries are typically considered minor, their high …