Research in behavioral ecology routinely quantifies individual variation in behavior using
transitions between discrete environments, for example prey moving from a no predator to …

Prey behavioral response to predation risk drives a range of ecological and evolutionary
processes. Key to these effects is the degree to which conspecifics exhibit consistent …

Recent studies in animal behavior have emphasized the ecological importance of individual
variation in behavioral types (eg, boldness, activity). Such studies have emphasized how …

We know little about how temporally variable predation risk influences prey behavior. The
risk allocation hypothesis predicts that prey facing more frequent risk should show weak anti …

Understanding the role of history in the formation of communities has been a major
challenge in community ecology. Here, we explore the role of phenotypic plasticity and its …

Temporally consistent individual differences in behavior, also known as animal personality,
can have large impacts on individual fitness. Here, we explore the degree to which …

Predators often induce shifts in the traits of nearby prey, and these trait shifts are important in
mediating a variety of evolutionary and ecological processes. However, little is known about …

The risk allocation hypothesis predicts that prey responses to predation risk should depend
on the temporal pattern of risk. In systems where activity is dangerous, predicted activity …

Individuals can respond to predation risk by building morphological defenses or by altering
their behavior. We tested whether freshwater Physa acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) snails with …

The predator functional response is an important mechanism determining the persistence of
prey species; however, little is known about the effects of spatial scale on the functional …