Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that grow on surfaces and are
embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. These are prevalent in various …

Oxidizing agents are low-molecular-weight molecules that oxidize other substances by
accepting electrons from them. They include reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as …

Antimicrobial resistance has become one of the major global public health issues of the
twenty-first century. One of the main factors in the limited action of antimicrobials is related to …

Biofilm can be referred to as the self-immobilization of microbial cells that are irreversibly
associated with a matrix of extracellular polymers in environmental niches. In contrast to free …

Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health concern, particularly in hospitals and other
health care settings, and have increased worldwide. The evolution of resistance can be …

Microbial biofilm is an aggregation of microbial species that are either attached to surfaces
or organized into an extracellular matrix. Microbes in the form of biofilms are highly resistant …

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious public health problems. This is of
particular concern when bacteria become resistant to various antimicrobial agents …

Biofilm formation is a widespread phenomenon that impacts different fields, including the
food industry, agriculture, health care and the environment. Accordingly, there is a serious …

Most human infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms growing as biofilms. These
three-dimensional self-organized communities are embedded in a dense matrix allowing …