Improvement in airway function in response to bronchodilator therapy is generally confirmed
by simple spirometry. However, improvements in maximal expiratory flow rates have been …

Background Long-acting bronchodilators are first-line treatment for chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), and their efficacy on lung function and clinical parameters is …

Background: A study was undertaken to investigate whether bronchodilators are associated
with less breathlessness at rest and during light exercise in patients with moderate to severe …

The purpose of this study was to clarify the additive efficacy of short-acting β2-agonists
(SABA) or muscarinic antagonists (SAMA) on dynamic hyperinflation and exercise tolerance …

It has been shown that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develop
dynamic hyperinflation (DH), which contributes to dyspnoea and exercise intolerance …

Background: Studies examining the physiological interactions of oxygen (O2) and
bronchodilators (BD) during exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) …

The most recent guidelines define COPD in a multidimensional way, nevertheless the
diagnosis is still linked to the limitation of airflow, usually measured by the reduction in the …

Background: Some patients with irreversible chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
experience subjective benefit from long acting bronchodilators without change in forced …

Background Walking is a familiar daily activity that is generally limited by breathlessness,
whereas cycling is an uncommon physical effort typically limited by leg discomfort. The …

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are progressively limited in
their ability to undertake normal everyday activities by a combination of exertional dyspnoea …