Chronic stress drives behavioral and physiological changes associated with numerous
psychiatric disease states. In rodents, the vast majority of chronic stress models involve …

With increasing rates of anxiety and mood disorders across the world, there is an
unprecedented need for preclinical animal models to generate translational results for …

Significant loss produces the highest degree of stress and compromised well-being in
humans. Current rodent models of stress involve the application of physically or …

Because stress may underlie the presence of depressive episodes, strategies to produce
protection against or to reverse the effects of stress on neuroplasticity and behavior are …

Convincing evidence shows that stress is associated with the development and course of
psychiatric and metabolic disorders. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis …

Environmental Enrichment (EE) improves cognitive function and enhances brain plasticity,
while chronic stress increases emotionality, impairs learning and memory, and has adverse …

Environmental enrichment (EE) exposes laboratory animals to novelty and complexity
through alterations in the physical and social environment, which lead to enhanced sensory …

Housing rodents in an enriched environment (EE) has been typically considered to have
positive effects on well-being and cognitive functioning of the animals. However, in some …

Environmental enrichment (EE) has beneficial neurobiological, physiological and behavioral
effects. The purpose of the present paper is to review the animal research literature …

Psycho-environmental stress-based animal models of anxiety and depression are useful for
investigating pathological mechanisms and drug development. Although several rodent …