Members of the MscS superfamily of mechanosensitive ion channels function as osmotic
safety valves, releasing osmolytes under increased membrane tension. MscS homologs …

Background: Avirulent pathogens elicit a battery of plant defenses, often accompanied by
collapse of the challenged cells. In soybean cells, sustained accumulation of H 2 O 2 from …

Plant defense against pathogens often includes rapid programmed cell death known as the
hypersensitive response (HR). Recent genetic studies have demonstrated the involvement …

Homologs of the cytoplasmic protein kinase Pti1 are found in diverse plant species. A clear
role of Pti1 in plant defense response has not been established. We identified a Pti1 …

We describe the lethal, recessive accelerated-cell-death11 Arabidopsis mutant (acd11). Cell
death in acd11 exhibits characteristics of animal apoptosis monitored by flow cytometry, and …

Jasmonates (JAs) are rapidly induced after wounding and act as key regulators for wound
induced signaling pathway. However, what perceives the wound signal and how that …

Vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE), a cysteine protease, has been intensively studied in
plant hypersensitive cell death, but the role and molecular mechanism of VPEs in response …

Background The hypersensitive defense response (HR) in plants is a fast, localized necrotic
response around the point of pathogen ingress. HR is usually triggered by a pathogen …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential process that functions in plant organ sculpture,
tissue differentiation, nutrient recycling, and defense against pathogen attack. A full …

The enzyme myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX; EC 1.13. 99.1) catalyzes the ring-opening four-
electron oxidation of myo-inositol into glucuronic acid, which is subsequently activated to …