Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid
hemorrhage (SAH). The hypothesis of this study was that activation of melanocortin 1 …

Background Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of intracerebral
hemorrhage (ICH)-induced secondary brain injury. Activation of melanocortin receptor 4 …

Background Neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption are two vital
mechanisms of secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Recently …

Mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis contribute greatly to early brain injury
(EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study hypothesized that activation of …

Oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis play crucial roles in secondary brain injury (SBI)
after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Recently, Nle4‐D‐Phe7‐α‐melanocyte‐stimulating …

Background Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis
of hypoxic-ischemic (HI)-induced brain injury. Activation of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) …

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality. α-
Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and other melanocortin peptides exert potent …

Increasing numbers of patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) who
recover from surgery and intensive care management still live with cognitive impairment …

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a serious medical problem with few effective
pharmacotherapies available, and neuroinflammation has been identified as an important …

Neuronal apoptosis induced by oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis
and progression of hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Previous studies reported that …