The human body is host to 100 trillion gut microbes, approximately 10-times more than all
human cells. It is estimated that the approximately 500–1000 species residing in the human …

BACKGROUND Humans ingest a multitude of small molecules that are foreign to the body
(xenobiotics), including dietary components, environmental chemicals, and …

The gut microbiota contributes to diverse aspects of host physiology, ranging from
immunomodulation to drug metabolism. Changes in the gut microbiota composition are …

Environmental chemicals can alter gut microbial community composition, known as
dysbiosis. However, the gut microbiota is a highly dynamic system and its functions are still …

Since the surge of microbiome research in the last decade, many studies have provided
insight into the causes and consequences of changes in the gut microbiota. Among the …

Microbes inhabiting the intestinal tract of humans represent a site for xenobiotic metabolism.
The gut microbiome, the collection of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, can alter …

Among the gut microbiota's newly explored roles in human biology is the ability to modify the
chemical structures of foreign compounds (xenobiotics). A growing body of evidence has …

Food contaminants represent food constituents that are accidentally introduced during food
preparation cycle. In addition to their direct toxic effects on human health at different levels …

The human gut contains trillions of microorganisms that influence our health by metabolizing
xenobiotics, including host-targeted drugs and antibiotics. Recent efforts have characterized …

The human intestine harbors an immense, diverse, and critical population of bacteria that
has effects on numerous aspects of host physiology, immunity, and disease. Emerging …