The translocation of DNA across biological membranes is an essential process for many
living organisms. In bacteria, type IV secretion systems (T4SS) are used to deliver DNA as …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SS) translocate DNA and protein substrates across prokaryotic
cell envelopes generally by a mechanism requiring direct contact with a target cell. Three …

The type IV secretion systems (T4SS) are widely distributed among the Gram-negative and–
positive bacteria. These systems mediate the transfer of DNA and protein substrates across …

Bacteria use conjugation systems, a subfamily of the type IV secretion systems, to transfer
DNA to recipient cells. Despite 50 years of research, the architecture and mechanism of …

Abstract Type IV secretion (T4S) systems are ancestrally related to bacterial conjugation
machines. These systems assemble as a translocation channel, and often also as a surface …

Abstract The Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirB/VirD4 translocation machine is a member of a
superfamily of translocators designated as type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) that function in …

The bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) translocate DNA and protein substrates to
bacterial or eukaryotic target cells generally by a mechanism dependent on direct cell-to-cell …

Bacteria use type IV secretion systems (T4SS) to translocate DNA (T‐DNA) and protein
substrates across the cell envelope. By transfer DNA immunoprecipitation (TrIP), we recently …

Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfers oncogenic DNA and effector proteins to plant cells
during the course of infection. Substrate translocation across the bacterial cell envelope is …

The Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirB/D4 type IV secretion system (T4SS) translocates DNA
and protein substrates across the bacterial cell envelope. Six presumptive channel subunits …