Background: Evidence based largely on US cohorts suggests that long-term exposure to fine
particulate matter is associated with cardiovascular mortality. There is less evidence for …

Background: Cohort studies have reported increased risks of cardiopulmonary mortality from
long-term air pollution exposure, but the evidence is limited and inconclusive. We studied …

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked to cardiovascular mortality, but
the associations with incidence of major cardiovascular diseases are not fully understood …

Background Studies have shown that long‐term exposure to air pollution such as fine
particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter [PM 2.5]) increases the risk of all …

An escalating body of epidemiologic and clinical research provides compelling evidence
that exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution contributes to the development of …

Background—Epidemiologic studies have linked long-term exposure to fine particulate
matter air pollution (PM) to broad cause-of-death mortality. Associations with specific …

Abstract The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air) was initiated
in 2004 to investigate the relation between individual-level estimates of long-term air …

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of long-term ambient particulate matter
(PM) on risk of fatal coronary heart disease (CHD). A cohort of 3,239 nonsmoking, non …

Air pollution is composed of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants, such as
nitrogen dioxide and ozone. PM is classified according to size into coarse particles (PM 10) …

Background Ambient air pollution is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet
uncertainty remains about the size of risks at lower levels of fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) …