CD4+ T cells play a central role in protective immunity. In a mouse tumor model, we
previously found that tumor growth elicits natural CD4+ T-cell responses, but impedes …

CD4+ T cells enhance tumor destruction by CD8+ T cells. One benefit that underlies CD4+ T
cell help is enhanced clonal expansion of newly activated CD8+ cells. In addition, tumor …

Background Immunotherapeutic strategies to stimulate anti-tumor immunity are promising
approaches for cancer treatment. A major barrier to their success is the immunosuppressive …

Modulation of the immune response by established tumors may contribute to the limited
success of therapeutic vaccination for the treatment of cancer compared with vaccination in …

Dendritic cells loaded with tumor-derived peptides induce protective CTL responses and are
under evaluation in clinical trails. We report in this study that prophylactic administration of …

Both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines targeting a wide variety of cancers are being
developed. Because of the potency of cell-mediated immunity, many vaccine strategies are …

Therapeutic vaccinations used to induce CTLs and treat firmly established tumors are
generally ineffective. To understand the mechanisms underlying the failure of therapeutic …

Tumor-induced immune suppression is one of the most difficult obstacles to the success of
tumor immunotherapy. Here, we show that established tumors suppress CD8 T cell clonal …

Maintaining antitumor immunity remains a persistent impediment to cancer immunotherapy.
We and others have previously reported that high-avidity CD8+ T cells are more susceptible …

The priming of tumor-antigen-specific T cells is critical for the initiation of successful anti-
tumor immune responses, yet the fate of such cells during tumor progression is unknown …