In the past, antiviral research has focused mainly on viral targets. As the search for effective
and differentiated antiviral therapies continues, cellular targets are becoming more common …

Inflammation is an essential process in response to injury and infection. However, under
certain circumstances dis‐regulation of this process can lead to pathologies such as …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that recognize pathogen-associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and …

Introduction: The immune response is mediated via two parallel immune components, innate
and adaptive, whose effector functions are highly integrated and coordinated for the …

There is a growing interest in the targeting of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) for the prevention
and treatment of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and systemic …

Due to the rapid increase of new information on the multiple roles of Toll-like receptors
(TLRs), this paper reviews several main properties of TLRs and their ligands and signaling …

Introduction: Organisms have evolved a rapid and non-specific way to defend themselves
via Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize specific signatures present on invading …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins acting mainly as sensors of microbial
components. Triggering TLRs results in increased expression of multiple inflammatory …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an evolutionarily conserved family in the innate immune
system and are the first line of host defense against microbial pathogens by recognizing …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors playing a fundamental role in
sensing microbial invasion and initiating innate and adaptive immune responses. TLRs are …