This review highlights significant gaps in our knowledge of the effects of seismic air gun
noise on marine mammals. Although the characteristics of the seismic signal at different …

Marine mammals (whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions, sea cows) use sound both actively and
passively to communicate and sense their environment, covering frequencies from a few …

THERE IS GROWING CONCERN THAT sound introduced into the sea by human activities
has detrimental effects on marine mammals. For example, mounting evidence suggests that …

Acute effects of anthropogenic sounds on marine mammals, such as from military sonars,
energy development, and offshore construction, have received considerable international …

Offshore activities elevate ambient sound levels at sea, which may affect marine fauna. We
reviewed the literature about impact of airgun acoustic exposure on fish in terms of damage …

Noise can cause marine mammals to interrupt their feeding, alter their vocalizations, or
leave important habitat, among other behavioural responses. The current North American …

Marine seismic surveys, which use loud, primarily low-frequency sound to penetrate the sea
floor, are known to disturb and could harm marine life. The use of these surveys for …

The amount of underwater sound from ship traffic, commercial, research, and military sound
sources has increased significantly over the past century. Marine mammals and many other …

For the 119 species of marine mammals, as well as for some other aquatic animals, sound is
the primary means of learning about the environment and of communicating, navigating, and …

An experimental program was run by the Centre for Marine Science and Technology of
Curtin University between March 1996 and October 1999 to study the environmental …