Background We aimed to investigate possible causes of leukoplakia and squamous cell
carcinoma. We particularly sought to characterize the effect of smoking history because …

ObjectiveTo evaluate risk factors for poor prognosis in vocal fold leukoplakia.
MethodsClinical data were collected for 344 patients with vocal fold leukoplakia who …

Vocal fold leukoplakia is the clinical term for a whitish patch on the vocal fold mucosa. It is
caused by prolonged tobacco smoking, consumption of alcohol, and excessive drying or …

Objective. To assess the effectiveness and identify vocal fold leukoplakia types appropriate
for nonsurgical treatment. Methods. The vocal fold leukoplakia in 178 patients was divided …

Introduction: There is still no general method for discriminating between benign and
malignant leukoplakia and identifying vocal fold leukoplakia. Objective: To evaluate the …

Leukoplakia is a nonspecific clinical term used to describe a mucosal white patch or plaque
that cannot be easily scraped off. Leukoplakia of vocal cord represents a chronic …

Objectives: This study aimed to identify vocal fold leukoplakia (VFL) lesions on the inferior
surface as a risk factor for recurrence. Methods: This was a retrospective study with data …

Management of vocal fold leukoplakia continues to progress in terms of identification and
treatment. Although many work to advance our knowledge in the field and push treatment …

Objective: To investigate the pathogenic factors of vocal leukoplakia and its clinical and
pathological features. Methods: Eighty-one patients with vocal cord leukoplakia who …

Background Vocal cord leukoplakia comprises a variety of lesions. The purpose of this study
was to stratify vocal leukoplakias before surgery. Methods Patients with an initial diagnosis …