Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the rst-line treatment for lacrimal duct stenosis and
obstruction in western countries. Endoscopic-assisted nasolacrimal duct intubation (ENDI) is …

Purpose The dacryoendoscope is a practical instrument for the examination and the
treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction. Nevertheless, as it is a rigid fiberscope, manipulation …

Purpose To describe the anatomic characteristics of the lacrimal sac and its adjacent bone
structures and to provide surgical recommendations for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy …

Purpose The aim of this study was to describe in detail the gross anatomy of the
nasolacrimal apparatus in relation to the lateral nasal wall by the various steps of cadaver …

Background: Asymmetric lacrimal flow occurs in females more than males. We hypothesised
that the normal lacrimal drainage system (LDS) may show subtle left-rightasymmetry in …

Purpose: A case series evaluating racial differences in the nasolacrimal region and
quantifying the anterior lacrimal crest thickness and minimum nasolacrimal duct diameter in …

To study the affect of anatomical variance of lacrimal sac fossa on dacryocystorhinostomies
(DCR) performed by the traditional external (EX-DCR) approach or an endoscopic (EN …

PURPOSE: To establish the accurate surgical anatomy of endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy
(DCR) based on the radiological analysis of underlying bony structures. DESIGN …

The occurrence of lacrimal passage obstruction diseases is closely related to the
physiological parameters of lacrimal passage. The lacrimal passage is divided into …

Dacryoendoscopy is the intraluminal visualization of the lacrimal drainage system using a
miniature endoscope coupled to a high definition camera unit. It helps in complete …