The turbot Scophthalmus maximus has evolved extensive physiological ability to adapt to
multiple environmental salinities. The morphological changes of the kidney indicated the …

Turbot harbor a relatively remarkable ability to adapt to opposing osmotic challenges and
are an excellent model species to study the physiological adaptations of flounder associated …

Salinity is an important abiotic stress that affects metabolic and physiological activities,
breed, development, and growth of marine fish. Studies have shown that cobia …

Background The swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, which is naturally distributed in
the coastal waters of Asia-Pacific countries, is an important farmed species in China. Salinity …

Osmoregulation mechanism underlying acclimation and adaptation of migratory fish to
different salinities has been studied for decades. Recently developed transcriptomic and …

Salinity is one of the key factors that affects metabolism, survival and distribution of fish
species, as all fish osmoregulate and euryhaline fish maintain osmotic differences between …

Background The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, has developed special mechanisms to
regulate its osmotic balance to adapt to fluctuations of salinities in coastal zones. To …

Background Salinity is an important abiotic stress that influences the physiological and
metabolic activity, reproduction, growth and development of marine fish. It has been …

Fish can maintain a stable intracellular concentration of ions in environments of variable
salinities through osmoregulation. In this study, we focused on obscure puffer Takifugu …

1. Introduction 1.1. Osmoregulation in Fishes 1.2. pH Regulation in Freshwater and
Seawater 1.3. Cell Volume Regulation 2. Responses to Hyperosmotic Stress 2.1 …