The cross talk between immune and non-immune cells in the tumor microenvironment leads
to immunosuppression, which promotes tumor growth and survival. Immunotherapy is an …

Simple Summary The emergence of immunotherapy for cancer treatment bears
considerable clinical promise. The role of NK cells in tumor immunosurveillance and their …

Finding effective treatments for cancer remains a challenge. Recent studies have found that
the mechanisms of tumor evasion are becoming increasingly diverse, including abnormal …

Simple Summary The tumor immune escape mechanisms are key factors in cancer
progression and metastasis. They are an undeniable hurdle for successful cancer treatment …

Objective: Recent scientific advances have expanded insight into the immune system and its
response to malignant cells. In the past few years, immunotherapy has attained a hallmark …

Immunotherapy aims to stimulate the immune system to inhibit tumor growth or prevent
metastases. Tumor cells primarily employ altered expression of human leukocyte antigen …

Within the past two decades, researchers and physicians have witnessed the most
impressive flourishing of studies aimed at understanding how the immune system interacts …

Immunotherapy is the new trend in cancer treatment due to the selectivity, long lasting
effects, and demonstrated improved overall survival and tolerance, when compared to …

Immune checkpoints or coinhibitory receptors, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen
(CTLA)-4 and programmed death (PD)-1, play important roles in regulating T cell responses …

Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses specific components of a person's immune system to
fight diseases. This is usually done by stimulating or assisting one's immune system is …