Purpose. As a form of energy, diagnostic ultrasound has bioeffects on living tissues. The
thermal index (TI), TIS (TI for soft tissue), TIB (TI for bone), TIC (TI for cranial bone) expresses …

Diagnostic ultrasound is a form of energy that has the potential for effects in tissues
(bioeffects). The 2 most likely mechanisms are heating and cavitation. The thermal index (TI) …

Objective The purpose of this study was to quantify the acoustic output of clinical ultrasound
instruments, as expressed by the thermal index (TI) and mechanical index (MI), during …

Objectives The present study was aimed at evaluating acoustic outputs during clinical
ultrasound examinations, as expressed by the thermal index (TI) and the mechanical index …

Acoustic exposure from modern ultrasonographic devices is capable of disturbing biological
tissue to varying extent depending on the type of ultrasound examination and the particular …

Objective. To determine the preferred timing of sonographic screening of fetal anatomy
based on the maternal body mass index (BMI). Methods. We abstracted the sonographic …

Biomedical ultrasound may induce adverse effects in patients by either thermal or non-
thermal means. Temperatures above normal can adversely affect biological systems, but …

Objectives To investigate if the thermal index for bone (TIB) displayed on screen is an
adequate predictor for the derated spatial‐peak temporal‐average (ISPTA. 3) and spatial …

The first trimester of pregnancy is a 3-month span of remarkable growth and development.
The embryo, microscopic in size near the beginning of this period, transforms into a fetus …

In this discussion, any biological effect of ultrasound that is accompanied by temperature
increments less than 1° C above normal physiologic levels is called a mechanical effect …