Purpose: Visceral and shoulder tip pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy is mainly
due to carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation. Various methods have been adopted to eliminate …

Methods With the approval of the institutional human investigation committee, a prospective
study was undertaken of 43 consecutive patients following cholecystectomy using a …

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (power of 80% to detect a 30% reduction in
morphine consumption, P< 0.05) we have determined that intraoperative intravenous …

The utility of preoperative ketorolac administration to reduce the intensity and duration of
postoperative pain was compared with placebo in a randomized double‐blind design of 60 …

One hundred and thirty-seven patients were studied to assess whether the timing of a dose
of ketorolac affected cumulative morphine requirements during the first 12 post-operative …

Bupivacaine wound infiltration together with efficient esophagogastric decompression and
immediate elemental feeding in 43 consecutive, well-instructed patients who had undergone …

Objectives To compare prospectively the efficacy of early intravenous bolus of oxycodone or
fentanyl in providing analgesia at emergence from general anaesthesia following …

We studied 24 patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy and randomized to either
conventional postoperative pain treatment, with intermittent nicomorphine (10 to 15 mg) and …

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether intravenous anesthesia
supplemented with ketamine reduces postoperative pain after elective laparoscopic …

Background: Postoperative abdominal and shoulder pain are the most common complaints
after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Postoperative pain is multifactorial in origin …