Patients with interstitial lung disease can develop a progressive fibrosing phenotype
characterised by an irreversible, progressive decline in lung function despite treatment …

Abstract Background Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibition is associated with
antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effects that may be beneficial in patients with idiopathic …

Introduction The two available therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pirfenidone
and nintedanib, slow down but do not halt IPF progression. Therefore, several agents with …

Fibrosis of the lung constitutes a major clinical challenge and novel therapies are required to
alleviate the associated morbidity and mortality. Investigating the antifibrotic efficacy of drugs …

Fibrosis, defined as the pathologic accumulation of extracellular matrix, is the final outcome
of several common chronic inflammatory, immunemediated, and metabolic diseases and …

Introduction BI 1015550 is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor that has antifibrotic
properties. Phase I and Ic studies were conducted to investigate the safety, tolerability and …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD)
without an identifiable cause. If not treated after diagnosis, the average life expectancy is 3 …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an intractable disease with poor prognosis, and
therapeutic options are limited. While the pathogenic mechanism is unknown, cytokines …

Based on the available data, the second generation of selective PDE4 inhibitors will likely
provide additional therapeutic options for the management of COPD. These agents may …

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors prevent the metabolism of cyclic adenosine
monophosphate, thereby reducing inflammation. Inhaled PDE4 inhibitors aim to restrict …