Theophylline is commonly used in the treatment of obstructive airway diseases. The
identification and functional characterization of different phosphodiesterase (PDE) …

ABSTRACT Introduction Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and
devastating lung disease, characterized by progressive lung scarring. Areas covered Prior to …

Background Nintedanib is an approved treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A
subgroup analysis of a previously published trial suggested that sildenafil may provide …

Since more than two decades anti-inflammatory effects of inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-4
have been described in numerous cellular and animal studies and were finally confirmed in …

Importance of the field: In fibrosing diseases, scar tissue begins to replace normal tissue,
causing tissue dysfunction. For instance, in lung fibrosis, foci of what resembles scar tissue …

Background The treatment landscape for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a devastating lung
disease, is changing. To investigate the effectiveness of treatments for idiopathic pulmonary …

At least 11 families of distinct phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzymes are known to regulate
the function of many cells secondary to altering the intracellular levels of second …

Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of pulmonary
inflammatory diseases, but their clinical use was dose-limited by mainly gastric adverse …

Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of pulmonary diseases, which leads to lung parenchyma
destruction (emphysema) and obstructive bronchiolitis occurring in both chronic obstructive …

IPF is a chronic disease characterized by progressive loss of lung tissue 1, 2, 3. Although
several risk factors have been described [4], the triggers and causes of IPF remain unknown …