The germinal center (GC) is a complex, highly dynamic microanatomical niche that allows
the generation of high-affinity antibody-producing plasma cells and memory B cells. These …

Antibody responses are characterized by increasing affinity and diversity over time. Affinity
maturation occurs in germinal centers by a mechanism that involves repeated cycles of …

Germinal centers (GCs) are microanatomical sites of B cell clonal expansion and antibody
affinity maturation. Therein, B cells undergo the Darwinian process of somatic diversification …

Within germinal centers (GCs), complex and highly orchestrated molecular programs must
balance proliferation, somatic hypermutation and selection to both provide effective humoral …

Germinal centres are specialized structures wherein B lymphocytes undergo clonal
expansion, class switch recombination, antibody gene diversification and affinity maturation …

The germinal center (GC) reaction begins with a diverse and expanded group of B cell
clones bearing a wide range of antibody affinities. During GC colonization, B cells engage in …

Germinal centers (GCs) are specialized structures in which B lymphocytes undergo clonal
expansion, class switch recombination, somatic hypermutation, and affinity maturation …

The germinal center (GC) is divided into a dark zone (DZ) and a light zone (LZ). GC B cells
must cycle between these zones to achieve efficient Ab affinity maturation. Follicular …

Antibody affinity maturation occurs in germinal centers (GCs) through iterative rounds of
somatic hypermutation and proliferation in dark zones (DZs) and selection in light zones …

Affinity maturation of B cells in germinal centers (GCs) is a process of evolution, involving
random mutation of immunoglobulin genes followed by natural selection by T cells. Only B …