A hallmark of T cell–dependent immune responses is the progressive increase in the ability
of serum antibodies to bind antigen and provide immune protection. Affinity maturation of the …

Germinal centers (GC s) are formed in secondary lymphoid tissues upon immunization with
T‐dependent antigens. In GC s, somatic hypermutation generates B cells with increased …

Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) regulate B cell function and development of high affinity
antibody responses but little is known about their biology. FDCs associate in intricate …

The mechanism of B cell–antigen encounter in lymphoid tissues is incompletely understood.
It is also unclear how immune complexes are transported to follicular dendritic cells. Here …

The germinal center (GC) is a microanatomical compartment wherein high-affinity antibody-
producing B cells are selectively expanded. B cells proliferate and mutate their antibody …

Germinal center (GC) B cells undergo affinity selection, which depends on interactions with
CD4+ follicular helper T cells (TFH cells). We found that TFH cells progressed through …

Germinal centres (GCs) are involved in the selection of B cells secreting high-affinity
antibodies and are also the origin of most human B cell lymphomas. Recent progress has …

The appropriate activation of B cells is critical for the development and operation of immune
responses and is dependent on the extensive coordination of intra-and intercellular …

The immune system requires the production of high affinity antibodies of different subclasses
to accomplish its many effector functions. Specific steps in B-cell ontogeny that occur within …

Germinal centers in lymphoid tissue are the sites of generation of memory B cells
undergoing isotype switching and somatic mutation in their Ig genes. Their formation cannot …