Background—A number of single gene defects have been identified in patients with isolated
or nonsyndromic congenital heart defects (CHDs). However, due to significant genetic …

The impact of congenital heart defects (CHDs) is profound. With a traditionally cited
incidence of 8 per 1000 live births (w1%), and a need for expert cardiologic intervention in 3 …

Cardiovascular malformations are a singularly important class of birth defects and due to
dramatic improvements in medical and surgical care, there are now large numbers of adult …

Purpose Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects up to 1% of live births. However, a genetic
diagnosis is not made in most cases. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes …

Congenital heart defects are common in humans, but the underlying basis for these defects
is not well understood. It has been clear that abnormal heart development is at the root of …

Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the leading cause of infant mortality among birth defects,
and later morbidities and premature mortality remain problematic. Although genetic factors …

Congenital heart disease is the leading cause of infant morbidity in the Western world, but
only in the past ten years has its aetiology been understood. Recent studies have uncovered …

Congenital cardiovascular malformations represent the most common type of birth defect
and encompass a spectrum of anomalies that range from mild to severe. The etiology of …

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common class of major malformations in
humans. The historical association with large chromosomal abnormalities foreshadowed the …

Innate and patient factors appear to be more important in predicting neurodevelopmental
outcome than medical/surgical variables. Future research is needed to establish a broader …