In recent years, researchers have been attempting to relate differences in personality (eg,
boldness, aggressiveness, exploration tendency) to variation in cognition (performances in …

Cognition is fundamental to animals' lives and an important source of phenotypic variation.
Nevertheless, research on individual variation in animal cognition is still limited. Further …

The evolution and maintenance of consistent individual differences, so called animal
personalities, have attracted much research interest over the past decades. Variation along …

In the past decade, several conceptual papers have linked variation in animal personality to
variation in cognition, and recent years have seen a flood of empirical studies testing this …

Patterns of individual differences in cognition have been studied empirically and
systematically in the last decade, but causes and consequences of this variation are still …

In animals, individual differences in learning ability are common and are in part explained by
genetic differences, developmental conditions and by general experience. Yet, not all …

Cognitive processes are important to animals because they not only influence how animals
acquire, store and recall information, but also may underpin behaviours such as deciding …

Individual differences in cognition widely exist in diverse animal taxa. Such cognitive
variance is supposed to be influenced by animal personality. While the relationships …

To cope with a changing environment, animals have traditionally been considered to
behave adaptively to each situation faced. Yet, individual behavioural responses can both …

Recent studies on consistent individual differences in behavioural tendencies (animal
personality) raised the question of whether individual differences in cognitive abilities can be …