Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by
motor and non-motor symptoms. More than 200 years after its first clinical description, PD …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology,
although a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors has been …

Neuroimaging studies in Parkinson's disease (PD) have previously demonstrated several
regions of hypo-and hyper-activation during voluntary movement. How these patterns of …

The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) has long been thought to involve both genetic and
environmental factors, but until recently there has been no direct evidence to support either …

Patient responses to placebo and sham effects are a major obstacle to the development of
therapies for brain disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we used functional …

By the time a patient first presents with symptoms of Parkinson's disease at the clinic, a
significant proportion (50-70%) of the cells in the substantia nigra (SN) has already been …

Parkinson's disease (PD) usually presents in older adults and typically has both motor and
non-motor dysfunctions. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from …

Dopamine exerts modulatory signals on cortex–basal ganglia circuits to enable flexible
motor control. Parkinson's disease is characterized by a loss of dopaminergic innervation in …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multi-systemic neurodegenerative brain disorder. Motor
symptoms of PD are linked to the significant dopamine (DA) loss in substantia nigra pars …

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative process characterized by numerous motor and
nonmotor clinical manifestations for which effective, mechanism-based treatments remain …