Normal cells explore multiple states to survive stresses encountered during development
and self-renewal as well as environmental stresses such as starvation, DNA damage, toxins …

Resistance to cancer therapy remains a major challenge in clinical oncology. Although the
initial treatment phase is often successful, eventual resistance, characterized by tumour …

Cancer cells all share the feature of being immersed in a complex environment with altered
cell-cell/cell-extracellular element communication, physicochemical information, and tissue …

Innate and acquired resistance towards the conventional therapeutic regimen imposes a
significant challenge for the successful management of cancer for decades. In patients with …

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an evolutionary conserved phenomenon, has
been extensively studied to address the unresolved variable treatment response across …

Recently, in the field of cancer treatment, the paradigm has changed to immunotherapy that
activates the immune system to induce cancer attacks. Among them, immune checkpoint …

Oncogene activation and tumor-suppressor gene inactivation are considered as the main
causes driving the transformation of normal somatic cells into malignant tumor cells. Cancer …

Background Disseminated cancer remains a nearly uniformly fatal disease. While a number
of effective chemotherapies are available, tumors inevitably evolve resistance to these drugs …

Breast cancer is presently the most predominant tumor type and the second leading cause
of tumor-related deaths among women. Although advancements in diagnosis and …

Carcinomas are phenotypically arrayed along an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)
spectrum, a developmental program currently exploited to understand the acquisition of drug …