In 2004, the first American Heart Association scientific statement on “Air Pollution and
Cardiovascular Disease” concluded that exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution …

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution increases the risk for myocardial infarctions,
strokes, and cardiovascular mortality. A variety of responsible mechanisms have been …

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM 2.5), which is now an
all-pervading element of modern-day society, is associated with heightened cardiovascular …

Background Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease characterized by the accumulation of
lipids and fibrous plaque in the arteries. Its etiology is very complicated and its risk factors …

Background Increased concentrations of particles in air have been related to changes in
inflammatory markers that in turn are hypothesized in mediating the particle effects on …

Cardiovascular causes have been estimated to be responsible for more than two thirds of
the considerable mortality attributed to air pollution. There is now a substantial body of …

Air pollution is a growing public health concern of global significance. Acute and chronic
exposure is known to impair cardiovascular function, exacerbate disease and increase …

Background Long-term exposure to urban air pollution may accelerate atherogenesis, but
mechanisms are still unclear. The induction of a low-grade systemic inflammatory state is a …

Air pollution is a heterogeneous mixture of gases, liquids and PM (particulate matter). In the
modern urban world, PM is principally derived from fossil fuel combustion with individual …

Air pollution is consistently linked with elevations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD-
related mortality. Particulate matter (PM) is a critical factor in air pollution-associated CVD …