The sequestering of oxidation-modified low-density lipoprotein by macrophages results in
the accumulation of fatty deposits within the walls of arteries. Necrosis of these cells causes …

The cardiovascular system is subject to hyperlipidaemic, inflammatory, and pro-oxidant
stressors. Over time, these factors drive prevalent chronic diseases, of which atherosclerosis …

Atherosclerosis is now widely recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease that involves
innate and adaptive immune responses. Both cellular and humoral components of the …

Current models stipulate that B cells and antibodies function during atherosclerosis in two
distinct ways based on antibody isotype, where IgM is protective and IgG is inflammatory. To …

Our understanding of the complex and important role of the immune system in
atherosclerosis has increased considerably over the past few years. It has been shown that …

While the involvement of T cells in atherosclerosis is nowadays well accepted, little is known
about the role of B cells. Obviously, B cells as the source of antibodies, in particular …

In recent years, the subject of natural antibodies has been revisited and the
immunobiological roles of these humoral factors are being better defined. These antibodies …

Background: Atherosclerosis progression is modulated by interactions with the adaptive
immune system. Humoral immunity can help protect against atherosclerosis formation; …

Immune mechanisms are critically involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its
clinical manifestations. Associations of specific antibody levels and defined B-cell subsets …

The role of inflammation in atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability is well recognized.
However, it is only during recent years it has become evident that this inflammation is …