Computational musculoskeletal models have been developed to predict mechanical joint
loads on the human spine, such as the forces and moments applied to vertebral and facet …

We developed and validated a fully articulated model of the thoracolumbar spine in opensim
that includes the individual vertebrae, ribs, and sternum. To ensure trunk muscles in the …

Mathematical models of the human spine can be used to investigate spinal biomechanics
without the difficulties, limitations, and ethical concerns associated with physical …

Intervertebral translations and rotations are likely dependent on intervertebral stiffness
properties. The objective of this study was to incorporate realistic intervertebral stiffnesses in …

Mathematical cervical spine models allow for studying of impact loading that can cause
whiplash associated disorders (WAD). However, existing models only cover the male …

Approximately 50% of women and 25% of men will have an osteoporosis-related fracture
after the age of 50, yet the micromechanical origin of these fractures remains unclear …

In vitro testing has been conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the
biomechanics of the cervical spine. This has allowed a characterization of the stability of the …

Advanced computational human body models (HBM) enabling enhanced safety require
verification and validation at different levels or scales. Specifically, the motion segments …

The effects of degeneration and surgery on cervical spine mechanics are commonly
evaluated through in vitro testing and finite element models derived from these tests. The …

The constitutive equation used to characterize and model spinal tissues can significantly
influence the conclusions from experimental and computational studies. Therefore …