Metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver disease, have now reached
epidemic proportions. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a family of cell surface …

Since their discovery in 2000, there has been a continuous expansion of studies
investigating the physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology of endocrine fibroblast growth …

The prevalence of obesity is a growing health problem. Obesity is strongly associated with
several comorbidities, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, certain cancers, insulin …

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 is an endocrine member of the FGF family with
healthy effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. FGF21 reduces glycemia and lipidemia in …

Highlights•Endocrine FGFs act via a membrane-bound FGF-receptor in complex with
α/βKlotho.•FGF15 regulates postprandial liver metabolism.•FGF21 coordinates adaptive …

The metabolic fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), FGF1, FGF15/19, and FGF21 differ from
classic FGFs in that they modulate energy homeostasis in response to fluctuating nutrient …

The endocrine FGF21 was discovered as a novel metabolic regulator in 2005 with new
functions bifurcating from the canonic heparin-binding FGFs that directly promote cell …

As a non-canonical fibroblast growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) functions as
an endocrine hormone that signals to distinct targets throughout the body. Interest in …

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 15/19 and 21 belong to a subfamily of FGFs that function as
hormones. Produced in response to specific nutritional cues, they act on overlapping sets of …

Highlights•FGF21 is an endocrine hormone that can potently regulate glucose, lipid and
energy homeostasis from rodents to non-human primates.•FGF21's primary metabolic …