Particulate matter removal in drinking water treatment via direct granular filtration requires
specific flocculation conditions (a process typically termed 'high energy flocculation') …

Flocs produced during drinking water treatment play a key role in particle separation and
removal. Floc characteristics affect both sedimentation and filtration efficiency, however, the …

In drinking water treatment, destabilization of suspended particles through effective
coagulation processes is critical for optimizing filtration performance. This study examined …

The sedimentation rate and the post-sedimentation residual turbidity of flocculated
suspensions are properties central to the design and operation of unit processes following …

Chemical coagulation is a simple and widely used water treatment process. A jar test based
on the residual turbidity in the treated water was used to evaluate the optimal conditions for …

This study sought to evaluate the effect of form and particle size distribution of formed flocs
during flocculation on the removal of particulate matter (PM) by settling. The understanding …

The dynamic relationship between particle size distribution and water turbidity was
characterized using online real-time monitoring devices to explore the impact of particle size …

Nowadays filtration processes are still monitored with conventional analyses like turbidity
measurements and, in case of flocculation–filtration, with phosphorus analyses. Turbidity …

The goal of the flocculation process is to change the particle size distribution to best suit the
subsequent processes. Although several methods exist to evaluate the flocculation process …

A continuous floc image analyser (C-FIA) was developed for tracking the dynamics of floc
particle formation, growth and settling during conventional drinking water treatment …