Kidney transplantation is the preferred therapeutic option for end-stage kidney disease, but,
despite major therapeutic advancements, allograft rejection continues to endanger graft …

Immunosuppressant drugs (ISDs) are routinely used in clinical practice to maintain organ
transplant survival. However, these drugs are characterized by a restricted therapeutic …

Advances in the management of patients after solid organ transplantation have led to
dramatic decreases in rates of acute rejection, but long-term graft and patient survival have …

The advent of the genomic era has brought about several new fields of study, one of them
being pharmacogenomics, which seeks to link drug treatment (pharmaco-) with the …

The immunosuppressive drugs used to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs have a
narrow therapeutic index. Under treatment results in episodes of rejection leading to either …

What is known and objective Pharmacogenomic biomarkers are now used in many clinical
care settings and represent one of the successes of precision medicine. Genetic variants are …

The transplantation literature includes numerous papers that report associations between
polymorphisms in genes encoding metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters, and …

One of the main tasks in the management of organ transplantation is the optimization of
immunosuppressive therapy, in order to provide therapeutic efficacy limiting drug-related …

Tailoring of immunosuppressive drug therapy to the specific requirements of the individual
patient to optimize efficacy and minimize toxicity remains one of the biggest challenges in …

Although notable progress has been made in the therapeutic management of patients with
chronic kidney disease in both conservative and renal replacement treatments (dialysis and …