A specific set of immune functions is switched on in response to DNA containing
unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in particular base contexts ('CpG motifs'). Plasmids, viral …

Immune stimulation has been widely recognized as an undesirable side effect of certain
antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) which can interfere with their therapeutic …

Cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG)-DNA can induce an impressive array of innate
immune responses that may directly or indirectly contribute to the clearance of infectious …

Pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system are able to distinguish certain
prokaryotic DNAs from vertebrate DNAs by detecting unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in …

Bacterial DNA contains immunostimulatory CpG motifs that interact with toll-like receptor 9
on immune cells to stimulate the production of cytokines, chemokines and immunoglobulins …

Unmethylated CpG motifs are prevalent in bacterial but not vertebrate genomic DNAs and
activate immune cells that express the TLR9 receptor. This triggers the production of reactive …

The mammalian immune system has evolved mechanisms to recognize and respond to
'danger'signals arising from pathogens. Among those danger signals are the unmethylated …

The vertebrate immune system recognizes bacterial DNA as foreign based on its content of
unmethylated CpG motifs. The detection of CpG motifs by the innate immune system induces …

Recognition of danger of infection by innate immune cells is a prerequisite to combat
infections and to activate T and B cells. Pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMP) play …

Innate immunity provides the first line of defense against invading pathogens and is
essential for survival in the absence of adaptive immune responses. Innate immune …