Objective To examine the hypothesis that glial activation would regulate the expression of
the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NR1) in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis …

Background Inflammation is a major cause of temporomandibular disorder‐related pain. The
N av1. 7 sodium channel has a critical function in pain perceptions. However, whether and …

Expression of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in trigeminal nuclei has been
shown to play a role in the mechanisms of trigeminal pain. Here, we examined the …

Aims To investigate cellular changes in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN) and trigeminal
ganglion associated with trigeminal nociception mediated by inflammation in the …

Previous studies have shown that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is significantly
increased in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-treated temporomandibular joint (TMJ) …

Background The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) drives pain by inducing the
expression of inflammatory mediators; however, its ability to regulate sodium channel 1.7 …

Background: Glial cells have been shown to directly participate to the genesis and
maintenance of chronic pain in both the sensory ganglia and the central nervous system …

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
inflammation alters the excitability of trigeminal root ganglion (TRG) neurons innervating the …

The aim of this study was to determine whether peripheral N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)
receptors are involved in inflammation-induced mechanical hypersensitivity of the …

Background Neuropathic pain in the trigeminal system is frequently observed in clinic, but
the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. In addition, the function of immune cells and …