Background The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment is a growing global
concern and although environmental risk assessment is required for approval of new drugs …

Hundreds of tons of pharmaceutical compounds are annually dispensed and consumed
worldwide. Pharmaceuticals are an important class of emerging environmental …

The growing concern over the release of pharmaceutically active compounds and personal
care products into the environment has prompted the introduction of risk assessment …

There has been an increasing awareness among environmental scientists in recent years of
the presence and potential impacts of pharmaceuticals and personal care products …

Pharmaceuticals consumption by humans and animals is increasing substantially, leading to
unprecedented levels of these compounds in aquatic environments worldwide. Recent …

Veterinary pharmaceuticals have become of interest due to their indiscriminate use. Thus,
this paper compiles studies on detection in surface and wastewater, and the treatment …

Pharmaceuticals are chemicals that are used because of their biological activity. They are
often excreted unchanged and can reach the environment. Throughout developed countries …

Ten acidic and two neutral pharmaceuticals were detected in the effluents of eight sewage
treatment plants (STPs) from across Atlantic Canada. Concentrations varied between …

This text is divided into three parts. The first part describes basic toxicological concepts and
methodologies used in aquatic toxicity testing, including the philosophies underlying testing …

There is increasing concern about pharmaceuticals entering surface waters and the impacts
these compounds may have on aquatic organisms. Many contaminants, including …