Objectives: A chronic state of impaired cerebral and cervical venous drainage, termed
chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), has recently been implicated in the …

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a combination of Doppler sonography (DS)
and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) on 3T MRI increases specificity for detection of …

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from 62% to 100% of obstructive lesions has been found by some teams in patients with MS …

Objectives The traditional view that multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease has
recently been challenged by the claim that MS is caused by chronic cerebrospinal venous …

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of chronic cerebrospinal venous
insufficiency in an unselected cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. A total of 586 …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system
(CNS) most commonly characterized by focal areas of myelin destruction, inflammation and …

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by demyelination centered around
cerebral veins. Recent studies suggested this topographic pattern may be caused by venous …

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a syndrome characterized by
stenosies of the internal jugular and/or azygous veins (IJVs-AZ) with opening of collaterals …

Introduction: Recent clinical studies have suggested a relationship between multiple
sclerosis (MS) and the occurrence of pathological changes in the jugular, vertebral and …

Background: The possible role of the venous system in the pathogenesis of chronic
neurodegenerative diseases has been hypothesized for decades. Quite recently, the …