Mycorrhizal fungi colonize orchid seeds and induce germination. This so-called symbiotic
germination is a critical developmental process in the lifecycle of all orchid species …

Orchid seed germination in nature is an extremely complex physiological and ecological
process involving seed development and mutualistic interactions with a restricted range of …

Dendrobium officinale (Orchidaceae) is one of the world's most endangered plants with
great medicinal value. In nature, D. officinale seeds must establish symbiotic relationships …

Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl.(Orchidaceae) is an endangered medicinal plant in
China, also called “King Medicine”. Due to lacking of sufficient nutrients in dust-like seeds …

Background Gastrodia elata is a well-known medicinal orchid. In nature, the germination
rate of G. elata is extremely poor, because there is no endosperm within the mature seed. It …

Dendrobium is one of the largest genera in the Orchidaceae, and D. officinale is used in
traditional medicine, particularly in China. D. officinale seeds are minute and contain limited …

Mutualistic symbioses between plants and fungi are a widespread phenomenon in nature.
Particularly in orchids, association with symbiotic fungi is required for seed germination and …

Orchids parasitically depend on external nutrients from mycorrhizal fungi for seed
germination. Previous findings suggest that orchids utilize a genetic system of mutualistic …

Seeds of almost all orchids depend on mycorrhizal fungi to induce their germination in the
wild. The regulation of this symbiotic germination of orchid seeds involves complex crosstalk …

Background Gastrodia elata, a mycoheterotrophic orchid, is a well-known medicinal herb. In
nature, the seed germination of G. elata requires proper fungal association, because of the …