Background HIV-1 proviruses persist in people on antiretroviral therapy (ART) but most are
defective and do not constitute a replication-competent reservoir. The decay of infected cells …

The HIV reservoir, which comprises diverse proviruses integrated into the genomes of
infected, primarily CD4+ T cells, is the main barrier to developing an effective HIV cure. Our …

Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and illicit drug addiction remain major health
problems not only in the United States but all over globe. The effect of drug addiction on …

The development of persistent cellular reservoirs of latent human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) is a critical obstacle to viral eradication since viral rebound takes place once anti …

Facing Opioids in the Shadow of the HIV Epidemic In combating the opioid epidemic, we
can learn from failures in the response to HIV as well as from the successes. The failure of …

Background Persistent systemic infection results in excessive trafficking of peripheral
immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS), thereby contributing to sustained …

Although opioids have been extensively studied for their impact on the immune system,
limited information is available about the specific actions of opioids on intracellular antiviral …

Several micro RNAs (miRNAs) have the ability to inhibit HIV replication in target cells. Thus,
we investigated the impact of opioids (morphine and heroin), widely abused drugs among …

This cross-sectional study investigated the associations of psychosocial factors relevant to
recovery from substance use disorders with monocyte activation and HIV persistence in a …

Background: It is unclear how stable low-level viral replication and CD4 cell numbers can be
maintained under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This study was designed to …