It is now becoming apparent that the immune system undergoes age‐associated alterations,
which accumulate to produce a progressive deterioration in the ability to respond to …

Is immunosenescence an intrinsic ageing process leading to dysregulation of immunity or
an adaptive response of the individual to pathogen exposure? Age-associated differences in …

Infection susceptibility, poor vaccination efficacy, age-related disease onset, and neoplasms
are linked to innate and adaptive immune dysfunction that accompanies aging (known as …

An age‐related decline in immune functions, referred to as immunosenescence, is partially
responsible for the increased prevalence and severity of infectious diseases, and the low …

Human immunosenescence contributes to morbidity and mortality in later life. The age-
associated increasing incidence ofcancer and cardiovascular disease plateaus at around 80 …

Ageing is a complex process that negatively impacts the development of the immune system
and its ability to function. The mechanisms that underlie these age‐related defects are broad …

The increasing ratio of ageing population poses new challenges to healthcare systems. The
elderly frequently suffer from severe infections. Vaccination could protect them against …

Immune system aging is characterized by the paradox of immunosenescence (insufficiency)
and inflammaging (over-reaction), which incorporate two sides of the same coin, resulting in …

Aging is a natural physiological process that features various and variable challenges,
associated with loss of homeostasis within the organism, often leading to negative …

Aging is accompanied by remodeling of the immune system. With time, this leads to a
decline in immune efficacy, resulting in increased vulnerability to infectious diseases …